Resources
- Youth Engagement Literature Review
- CEYE Youth Engagement Model Worksheet
- CEYE Youth Engagement Model Booklet
- The Rationale for Youth Engagement
- The Outcomes of Youth Engagement
- The Spectrum of Youth Engagement
- “Don’t Forget:” Additional Programming Considerations
- Indicator Framework: Initiating Youth Engagement
- Indicator Framework: 8 Qualities of Youth Engagement
- Indicator Framework: Sustaining Youth Engagement
- Assessment Tool: Initiating Youth Engagement
- Assessment Tool: 8 Qualities of Youth Engagement
- Assessment Tool: Sustaining Youth Engagement
- Head, Heart, Feet, Spirit Evaluation
- Organizational Readiness Module
- Conference Survey
- Leadership Qualities Module
- Youth-Adult Survey
- Organizational Outcomes Module
- Adult Allies in Action Booklet
- Adult Allies Training Manual
- Sample Forms for a Youth Engagement Event
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Physical and Psychological Safety
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Appropriate Structure
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Supportive Relationships
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Opportunities for Belonging and Meaningful Inclusion
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Positive Social Norms
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Support for Efficacy and Mattering
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Opportunities for Skill Building and Learning
- Putting it in Practice Checklist: Integration of Family, School and Community Efforts
- The Young Decision Makers Model
- The Young Decision Makers Discussion Toolkit
- Students as Researchers Toolkit
- Key Features of YE and HPS
Video Archives
List of video resources from the 2017 Youth Engagement Toolkit:
- The Benefits of Youth Engagement
- Engagement and Comprehensive School Health
- Youth Engagement Defined
- Youth Engagement Model
- The Elevator Speech
- Initiating Youth Engagement
- Shared Values and Objectives
- Adult Allies
- 8 Qualities of Youth Engagement
- Simple Steps to Youth Engagement
- Adolescent Brain Development
- Minister’s Students Advisory Council
- Youth Engagement in Research
- Sustaining Youth Engagement
- Addressing Challenges
- Evaluation
- Critical Factors Autonomy
- Critical Factors Relatedness
- Critical Factors Research Gaps
- Effective Programs: Program Features for All 3 Factors

Endnotes
- Leka, K., Roseni, E. (2022). Students’ challenges in online learning engagement. Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, 298-313.
- Gamage KAA, Gamage A, Dehideniya SCP. (2022). Online and Hybrid Teaching and Learning: Enhance Effective Student Engagement and Experience. Education Sciences, 12(10), 651.
- See literature review
- Buijs, G. J. (2009). Better schools through health: Networking for health promoting schools in Europe.European Journal of Education, 44, 507–520.
- Mitra, D.L. (2009). Collaborating with students: Building youth-adult partnerships in schools. American Journal of Education, 115, 407-436.
- Dworkin, J. B., Larson, R., & Hansen, D. (2003). Adolescents’ accounts of growth experiences in youth activities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(1), 17-26.
- McGee, R., Williams, S., Howden-Chapman, P., Martin, J., & Kawachi, I. (2006). Participation in clubs and groups from childhood to adolescence and its effects on attachment and self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 1-17.
- Mager, U., Nowak, P. (2011). Effects of student participation in decision making at school: A systematic review and synthesis of empirical research. Educational Research Review, 7, 38-61.Cargo, M., Grams, G. D., Ottoson, J. M., Ward, P., & Green, L. W. (2003). Empowerment as fostering positive youth development and citizenship. American Journal of Health Behaviour, 27, 66-79.
- For an extensive empirical literature review about youth engagement and health outcomes, please see: Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement. (2003). Youth engagement and health outcomes: Is there a link? Toronto, ON: Students Commission of Canada. Accessible at:
ca/assets/pdf/tools/en/public/youth_engagement_and_health_outcomes.pdf - Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of engagement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14, 10-43.Dotterer, A. M., & Lowe, K. (2011). Classroom context, school engagement, and academic achievement in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(12), 1649-1660. doi:10.1007/s10964-011- 9647-5Green, J., Liem, G. A. D., Martin, A. J., Colmar, S., Marsh, H. W., & McInerney, D. (2012). Academic motivation, self-concept, engagement, and performance in high school: Key processes from a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1111-1122. doi:10.1016/j. Adolescence.2012.02.016.Park, S., Holloway, S., Arendtsz, A., Bempechat, J., & Li, J. (2012). What makes students engaged in learning? A time-use study of within- and between-individual predictors of emotional engagement in low-performing high schools. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 41(3), 390-401. doi:10.1007/s10964- 011-9738-3 0
- Janosz, M., LeBlanc, M., Boulerice, B., & Tremblay, R.E. (1997). Disentangling the weight of school dropout predictors: A test on two longitudinal samples. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6), 733-758.Mahoney, J. L., & Cairns, R. B. (1997). Do extracurricular activities protect against early school dropout? Developmental Psychology, 33, 211-253
- Tyrväinen, H., Uotinen, S., Valkonen, L. (2021). Instructor presence in a virtual classroom. Open Education Studies, 3, 132-146.
- Meda, L., Elsayary, A. (2021). Establishing social, cognitive and teacher presences during emergency remote teaching: reflections of certified online instructors in the United Arab Emirates. Contemp Educ Technology,
- Roque-Hernández, Ramón Ventura et al. (2024). Perceived instructor presence, interactive tools, student engagement, and satisfaction in hybrid education post-COVID-19 lockdown in Mexico. Heliyon, 10(6).
- Sushchenlo, O. Akhmedova, O. Stryzhak. (2021). The use of interactive training technologies in teaching academic disciplines for students of tourism specialities. Access Journal – Access to Science, Business, Innovation in the Digital Economy, 2, 28-39.
- Pancer, S. M., Rose-Krasnor, L., & Loiselle, L. (2002). Youth conferences as a context for engagement. New Directions for Youth Development, 96, 47-64.
- Rose-Krasnor, L.; Busseri, M.; McCart, S.; Pancer S. M. (2007). Engagement Framework. Toronto, ON: The Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement: Brock University and the Students Commission
- Zeldin, S., Camino, L., & Calvert, M. (2003). Toward an understanding of youth in community governance: Policy priorities and research directions No. XVII (III)) Society for Research in Child Development.
- Kirby, P., Lanyon, C., Cronin, K., & Sinclair, R. (2003). Building a culture of participation: Involving children and young people in policy, service planning, delivery and evaluation. London: Department for Education and Skills.
- Evaluation research conducted for the YMCA by the Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement.
- Farrell, J. Brunton. (2022). A balancing act: a window into online student engagement experience. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17.
- (Shuey et al., 2021)
- Eccles, J. S., & Gootman, J. A. (2002). Community programs to promote youth development. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Eccles, J. S., & Gootman, J. A. (2002). Community programs to promote youth development. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
- John Freeman, et al. (2011). The Health of Canada’s Children: A Mental Health Focus. Public Health Agency of Canada. Ottawa.
- Ministry of Child and Youth Services. (2013). Stepping up: A strategic framework to help Ontario’s youth succeed. Retrieved from: http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/documents/topics/ youthopportunities/steppingup/steppingup.pdfLuthar, S.S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In Developmental Psychopathology: Risk, disorder, and adaptation D. Cicchetti & D.J. Cohen, Eds.: 740– 795. Wiley. New YorkReininger, B. M., Evans, A. E., Griffin, S. F., Sanderson, M., Vincent, M. L., Valois, R. F., & Parra-Medina, D. (2005). Predicting adolescent risk behaviors based on an ecological framework and assets. American Journal of Health Behavior, 29(2), 150-161.
- Fine, M., Torre, M. E., Burns, A., Payne, Y. A. (2007). Youth research/participatory methods for reform. In D. Thiessen and A. Cook-Sather (Eds.), International Handbook of Student Experience in Elementary and Secondary School (pp. 805-828). New York, NY: Springer.
- Bal, E.; Malkoç, N. (2020). Problems Faced By Education and Educators during the Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Process. Sci, 7, 351–354.Crawley, F.E.; Fewell, M.D.; Sugar, W.A. (2009). Researcher and Researched: The Phenomenology of Change from Face-to-Face to Online Instruction. Learning & Technology Library.